The influences of filtration rate and polymer concentration in produced water on the scaling deposition behavior were studied by building the simulation experiment device,considering the characteristics of downward flow filter water collection process and the problems existing in production. Based on the material and internal structure in the water collection tube,a experimental unit model was established,in order to investigate the effect of structure of water collection tube on scaling deposition. In addition,the internal mechanism for the scaling deposition in the water collection tube was discussed.The results indicate that FeS,Fe2O3,CaCO3,and aluminosilicate are the main constituents of scaling depositions in the water collection tube.The high intensitive aggregation and adhesion between the scaling deposition and the inner wall of the water⁃collecting tube are proved to be influenced by temperature, filtration rate and water quality.The water temperature environment of the surface system provides a suitable propagating environment of the sulfate⁃reducing bacteria (SRB), which is used to accelerate the corrosion beneath the scale in the water collection tube. The filtration rate shows two mechanisms of "scaling" and "stripping".The polymer in waste water would induce a synergy effect between "co⁃deposition" and "chelate solubilization". Besides of that,the galvanic corrosion by the structure of the water collection tube is proved to be the internal mechanism for accelerating the scaling deposition.

The supported SnCl4 catalyst was prepared using activated carbon as the carrier. Different contents of BiCl3 and CuCl2 were added into SnCl4 catalyst as assistant in order to study the effect of assistant on the catalytic performance of acetylene hydrochlorination. The results showed that when the ratio of BiCl3⁃CuCl2⁃SnCl4 was 5%,10%,10%.The catalyst showed the highest activity for acetylene hydrochlorination. The conversion of acetylene can reach 94% under the conditions of hydrogen chloride/acetylene ratio 1∶1.1, reaction temperature 170 ℃ and GHSV(C2H2) of 60 h-1. The characterization results showed that the introduction of additives inhibited the loss of Sn during the reaction and thus improved the stability of the catalyst. Finally, the activity of Sn based catalyst was effectively improved.

Fractal theory provides an effective means for quantitative characterization of reservoir pore structure, while the pore structure of the tight sandstone reservoir is complicated. It needs further study that whether the conventional characterization of the fractal features of pore structure is applicable to tight sandstone reservoir or not. In this paper, present fractal characterization methods of pore structure are systematically sorted out, the applicability of each method is evaluated based on mercury injection curves of 5 tight sandstone samples, and the fractal characteristics of tight sandstone reservoir are studied. The results show that the fractal definition method can effectively characterize the fractal features of pore structure of tight sandstone, while the He Chengzu method is only applicable to tight reservoirs with permeability higher than 0.1×10-3 μm2 and the Li Kewen method is only applicable to tight reservoirs with permeability lower than 0.1×10-3 μm2, and the Brooks⁃Corey method are completely not applicable to tight sandstone reservoirs. Tight sandstone reservoir has fractal characteristics in the whole pore radius region, and no fractal features exist. Fractal dimension is an important parameter in reservoir evaluation. And the higher the fractal dimension, the worse the physical properties of reservoir, the smaller the average pore radius, the higher the displacement pressure and the higher the bound water saturation.

The C3N4/AC catalyst was prepared by using the same nitrogen content of cyanamide,thiourea,urea as precursor and activated carbon as the carrier. The reaction performance of C3N4/AC catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of 1,2⁃dichloroethane was evaluated by using fixed bed reactor,and the properties of catalyst structure were characterized by SEM,XRD,BET,XPS and TGA. The results showed that the initial activity and selectivity of the catalyst prepared from 0.110 mol precursor were close to 100%,but the stability of the catalyst was different obviously. The catalyst synthesized with urea as precursor had the highest catalyst stability compared with the other two precursors. However,the catalysts synthesized by using low loading of precursors showed differences on the catalytic performance. The structure and morphology of the catalysts with low loading of precursor were investigated. The results showed that when the load was reduced to 0.057 mol,the C3N4/AC catalyst prepared with urea had the highest catalytic activity for dehydrochlorination of 1,2⁃dichloroethane and the best stability.The different morphologies of carbon nitride was synthesized by different precursors. The carbon nitride productivity of thiourea and cyanamide is higher than urea but is more easily to form bulk carbon nitride which will result in poor stability. After all,urea is the optimal precursor for the C3N4/AC catalyst for dehydrochlorination of 1,2⁃dichloroethane.

During drilling operation of Dongying formation in Bohai oilfield, mudstone is hard and brittle, hole wall collapses easily, anticline structure and rock mechanics are complex, mechanical drilling rate is low, borehole is long, hard and brittle mudstone flakes off in downhole accident. The high density of cuttings per unit annulus volume leads to pressure suppression, large torque fluctuation, and drilling jam during drilling. The drill tool breaks and falls during the processing of drilling jam, and the drilling tool of 125.94 m bottom is successfully salvaged after casing milling, and the through well cannot be reached to the end. It is decided to backfill sidetracking. After the success of sidetracking, the performance of PEM drilling fluid is optimized and new tools and technologies are used. Finally, no accident of tripping, casing, logging and cementing operation smoothly, ensure the well structure quality. The experience and lessons of drilling jam accident in this well have guiding significance and popularizing value for further deep well development in this block.

Using active carbon as carrier, SnCl4 based non mercury catalysts, including Sn@AC, Sn - Bi@AC, Sn - Bi - Co@AC, were synthesized by adding different content of BiCl3 and CoCl3. The catalysts were evaluated in acetylene hydrochlorination atmospheric fixed bed reactor. The results showed that the catalytic properties of synthetic three component catalysts were optimal on the proportion of 10%SnCl4, 5%BiCl3 and 10%CoCl3. Acetylene's conversion rate was more than 90% and the selectivity of vinyl chloride was a round 95% within the reaction time of 100 h. Through the XRD and physical adsorption instrument, catalyst microstructures were characterized. Coconut shell activated carbon's specific surface area and pore size was significant increased after nitric acid t reatment; adding component BiCl3 and CoCl3 could make the coke phenomenon on catalytic surface weakened.

The reaction was carried out through Vilsmeier-reaction with the2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene as raw material,in which the electrophilic reagent was synthesized in the temperature of nearby zero degrees centigrade with POCl3 as condensating agent and DMF as formylating agent,then the H in the position of α of 2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene was substituted by the electrophilic reagent,the5-formyl-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene was obtained via basic hydrolysis (pH=8),of which the higher purity quotient was obtained through silica flash chromatography with the productive rate of 84.97%. It′s structure was characterized and analyzed using FT-IR,UV-vis,1H-NMR,and the melting point and boiling point was measured and analyzed by DSC,which is in agreement with the literature.

Different contents of lauroyl glycine were incorporated into HVI 350 mineral oil and the biodegradabilities of the formulated oils were evaluated on a biodegradation tester. Thereafter, the interaction effect of four factors, i.e. lauroyl glycine content, oil concentration, microbe nutriment composition and oxygen supply, on biodegradation of HVI 350 mineral oil in soil was studied by means of a L9(34) orthogonal test method. The results indicate that lauroyl glycine obviously promotes biodegradation of HVI 350 mineral oil. The biodegradability of HVI 350 oil increases with increasing content of lauroyl glycine while the lauroyl glycine content is smaller than 1.5%. Of the four impact factors, the effect of lauroyl glycine on biodegradation of HVI 350 mineral oil in soil proves to be the most prominent in various biodegradation durations.

A series of MCM －２２zeolite catalyst samples were prepared with nitric acid，hydrochloric acid ，acetic acid and formic acid as the peptizators．The zeolites were characterized by means of particle strength apparatus and TG －DTA apparatus to investigate the effect of peptizators on the physical properties of MCM －２２catalyst．The results show that the strength and total acid of zeolites with inorganic acid as peptizator are higher than the zeolites with organic acid．With the increasing nitric acid dosage，the mechanical strength of the zeolite catalyst increases at first and then decreases，with the maximal catalyst strength being obtained at a dosage of １０%．The total acid is enhanced by adding the appropriate amount of nitric acid．Taking the alkylation of benzene with propylene as a model reaction，the catalytic performances of the MCM － ２２ zeolite catalysts were evaluated by means of a semi－continuous gas －liquid reactor and a liquid－liquid continuous reactor．The experimental results show that activity and selectivity of zeolite in inorganic acid is stronger than that in organic acid．When the nitric acid dosage is
less than ２０％，the activity of MCM －２２ zeolite is increased with increasing of nitric acid dosage．The selectivity to cumene reaches a maximum value when nitric acid dosage is １０％．